The Musketeers are recruited only from among the gentlemen who have served in the Guard. The portion of the Musketeers is a promotion. It allows to join an elite corps, near the king. Moreover, it is expected that the men leaving their ranks to be appointed sign or lieutenant (rank much higher then, especially in the elite corps) in the guards or officers in the regiments. In the absence of military school, passing in front of the ruler to check the competence and loyalty of every man.
These were special Musketeers fight either on foot or horseback. They formed the guard of King usual outside, the guard inside the royal apartments is one of the bodyguards and the Swiss Guards. Mazarin, appreciating the little unruly king's Musketeers, dissolved their company in 1646. She did not reappear in 1657, while counting 150 men. At Mazarin's death in 1661, the company of Cardinal's Musketeers passed to Louis XIV. It was reorganized along the lines of the first company in 1664 and received the nickname "Grey Musketeers" due to the dress of his horses, while the second company was called "Black Musketeers".
At this time, enrollment companies were doubled. Indeed, the Musketeers were one of the most prestigious military corps of the kingdom, bringing that noble principle. Many of the latter, since the reforms forced Le Tellier to take a number of years in the company before entering the officer ranks, preferring perform this service in a privileged body. Thus, both military as Marshal of writers such as Montesquieu that the Duc de Saint-Simon were musketeers.
In 1776, the Musketeers were disbanded for reasons of economy by Louis XVI, before being reformed in 1789, disbanded again shortly afterward, reformed once more under the Restoration July 6, 1814, and finally dissolved on 1 January 1816.
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